Laravel: Migrations (version control for your database)

<?php
// 1) create_employees_table.php  — make a new table
public function up(): void
{
    Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->integer('age');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->text('address');
        $table->integer('pincode')->nullable();
        $table->timestamps();
    });
}

public function down(): void
{
    Schema::dropIfExists('employees');
}


// 2) alter_employees_table_with_department.php  — change an existing table
public function up(): void
{
    Schema::table('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->string('department')->nullable();
    });
}

public function down(): void
{
    Schema::table('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->dropColumn('department');
    });
}